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  History Of Gold As a Metal
4000 BC Gold is first known to be used in parts of Central and Eastern Europe.
3000 The Egyptians master the arts of beating gold into leaf and alloying gold with other metals to achieve variations in hardness and color. They also develop the ability to cast gold, using the lost-wax technique still used in today's jewelry industry.
The Sumer civilization of southern Iraq uses gold to creat a wide range of jewelry, often using sophisticated and varied styles still worn today.
2500 Gold jewelry is buried in the Tomb of Djer, the king of the First Egyptian Dyanisty, at Abydos, Egypt.
1500 The immense, gold-bearing regions of Nubia make Egypt a wealthy nation, as gold becomes the recognized standard medium of exchange for international trade.
The Shekel, a coin originally weighing 11.3 grams of gold, is used as a standard unit of measure throughout the Middle East. The coin contained a naturally occurring alloy called electrum, which was approximately two-thirds gold and one-third silver.
1352 The young Egyptian King Tutankhamun is interred in a pyramid tomb laden with gold, his remains laid in an extravagant gold anthropoid sarcophagus.
1350 The Babylonians begin to use fire assay to test the purity of gold.
1091 Squares of gold are legalized in China as a form of money.
560 The first coins made purely from gold are minted in Lydia, a kingdom of Asia Minor.
58 Julius Caesar seizes enough gold in Gaul (France) to repay Rome's debts.
50 The Romans issue a gold coin called the Aureus.
600-699 AD The Byzantine Empire resumes gold mining in central Europe and France, an area undeveloped since the fall of the Roman Empire. Artisans of the period produce intricate gold artifacts and icons.
1100 Venice secures its position as the world's leading gold bullion market due to its location astride the trade routes to the east.
1284 Venice introduces the gold Ducat, which soon becomes the most popular coin in the world, and remains so for more than five centuries.
Great Britain issues its first major gold coin, the Florin, which is followed by the Noble, the Angel, the Crown, and the Guinea.
1511 King Ferdinand of Spain sends explorers to the Western Hemisphere with the command to "get gold."
1717 Isaac Newton, Master of the London Mint, sets price of gold that lasts for 200 years.
1787 First US gold coin is struck by Ephraim Brasher, a goldsmith.
1792 The Coinage Act places the young United Sates on a bimetallic silver/gold standard, defining the U.S. Dollar as equivalent to 24.75 grains of fine gold, and 371.25 grains of fine silver.
1803 North Carolina site of first US gold rush. The state supplies all the domestic gold coined for currency by the US Mint in Philadelphia until 1828.
1848 The California gold rush begins when James Marshall finds specks of gold in the water at John Sutter's sawmill near the junction of the American and Sacramento Rivers.
1850 Edward Hammong Hargraves, returning from California, predicts he will find gold in Australia within one week. He discovers gold in New South Wales within one week of landing.
1859 The Comstock Lode of gold and silver is discovered in Nevada. As a result, Nevada is made a state five years later.
1886 George Harrison, while digging stones to build a house, discovers gold in South Africa.
1887 Glasgow doctors, Robert and William Forrest, and chemist John S. MacArthur patent the process for extracting gold from ore using cyanide.
1896 Two prospectors discover gold while fishing in the Klondike River in northern Canada, richer finds were rumored farther south in Alaska's Yukon, spawning the Alaska Gold Rush in 1898 -- the last gold rush of the century.
1900 US adopts the gold standard for its currency.
1903 The Engelhard Corporation introduces an organic medium to print gold on surfaces. First used for decoration, the medium becomes the foundation for microcircuit printing technology.
1922 King Tutankhamun's tomb (1352 BC) opened to reveal a 2,448 lb. gold coffin and hundreds of gold and gold-leafed objects (including the mask pictured at the beginning of this section).
1927 A Medical study in France proves gold to be valuable in treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis.
1933 President Franklin D. Roosevelt bans the export of gold, halts the convertibility of dollar bills into gold, orders US citizens to hand in all the gold they possess and establishes a daily price for gold.
1934 Roosevelt fixes price of gold at $35 per ounce.
1935 Western Electric Alloy #1 (69% gold, 25% silver and 6% platinum) finds universal use in all switching contacts for AT&T telecommunications equipment.
1944 The Bretton Woods agreement sets an international gold exchange standard and creates two new international organizations, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Band. The new standard sets par values for currencies in terms of gold and obligates member countries to convert foreign offical holdings of their currencies into gold at these par values.
1947 The first transistor, the building block for electronics, is assembled at AT&T Bell Laboratories. The device uses gold contacts pressed into a germanium surface.
1960 The laser is invented using gold-coated mirrors to maximize infrared reflection.
1961 Modern-day mining begins in Nevada's Carlin Trend, ultimately making Nevada the nation's largest gold-mining state.
1968 Intel introduces a microchip with 1,024 transistors connected by gold circuits.

On March 15, central banks give up fixed price of gold at $35 per troy ounce and let it free float.

1969 Gold coated visors protect the astronauts' eyes from searing sunlight on the moon (Apollo 11 moon landing).
1970 The charged coupled device is invented, using gold to collect electrons generated by light, eventually used in hundreds of military and civilian devices, including video cameras.
1971 The colloidal gold marker system is introduced by Amersham Corporation of Illinois. Tiny spheres of gold are used in health research laboratories worldwide to mark or tag specific proteins to reveal their function in the human body for the treatment of disease.
1973 The U.S. Dollar is removed from gold standard, and gold prices are allowed to float free. By June, the market for gold in London reaches more than $120 per ounce.
1974 On December 31, US government ends its ban on individual ownership of gold.
1976 The Gold Institute is established in Washington, D.C., to promote the common interests of the gold industry by providing statistical data and other relevant information to its members, the media, government, and the public.
1980 Gold reaches intra-day historic high price of $870 on January 21 in New York.
1986 Gold-coated compact discs are introduced.
1987 Airbags are introduced for cars, using gold contacts for reliability.
1996 The Mars Global Surveyor is launched with an on-board gold-coated parabolic telescope-mirror that will generate a detailed map of the entire Martian surface over a two-year period.
1997 Congress passes Taxpayers Relief Act, allowing US Individual Retirement Account holders to buy gold bullion coins and bars for their accounts as long as they are of a fineness equal to, or exceeding, 99.5 percent gold.
1999 The Euro, a pan-European currency, is introduced, backed by a new European Central Bank holding 15 percent of its reserves in gold.
2000 Astronomers at the Keck Observatory in Hawaii use the giant gold-coated mirrors of the observatory's twin telescopes to produce the most detailed images of Neptune and Uranus ever captured.
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Bangles in Different States of India

Married woman wears white conch bangles and red lac bangles. Married woman wears iron kada (bangle). Brides in Punjab are wear choodas-ivory bangles in red and white in multiples of four. She generally wears them from a period of 3-6 months after her marriage. These bangles are wearing in groups in both hands. And combination of white and red look gorgeous. Gujarati woman wears gold bangles, glass bangles or combination of both.

They are also interested to wear plastic, metal bangles. Generally they match the color of bangles with their saree though they are from any material. Gujarati woman conceives her sister-in-law presents her a silver chain bangle bracelet. In the seventh month she is also asked to wear a bracelet made of black thread and five kowdis (a kind of shell). It is believed that this bracelet helps in an easy delivery. Green bangles are worn by women of Maharashtra on all auspicious occasions.

Diamond Jewellery and diamond shapes

Study the variety of diamond shapes online to see which one you like most. Make sure you understand the difference between karats and carats before shopping for diamonds. Cubic zirconium looks like a real diamond, but is not. A karat measures the purity of gold. 24k is the purest gold.

A carat measures fine gemstones and the weight of diamonds. Each has its own unique brilliance. Larger diamonds, such as those on diamond engagement rings, will usually carry a greater weight in carats than smaller stones, such as those found in diamond tennis bracelets. Look for diamond fine jewelry in which the diamond itself has a carat weight. Diamonds may be round brilliant, oval, tiffany, marquise, pear-shaped, heart-shaped, cushion cut , emerald cut, trilliant, radiant, or princess cut. Make sure the diamond is not cubic zirconium.

All gemstones have some characteristics

Many gemstones are used in even the most expensive jewellery depending on the brand name of the designer, fashion trends, market supply, treatments etc. Others are too common and are given a semi-precious status. Most gemstones have good hardness and a high index of refraction.

All gemstones have some characteristics falling short of perfection though; even the seemingly perfect Diamond has four directions of cleavage. Since quartz is everywhere especially in common dirt and dust. Any material that is softer may be scratched during ordinary wear. Nevertheless, diamonds, rubies, sapphires and emeralds still have a reputation that exceeds those of other gemstones.

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