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  History Of Gold As a Metal
4000 BC Gold is first known to be used in parts of Central and Eastern Europe.
3000 The Egyptians master the arts of beating gold into leaf and alloying gold with other metals to achieve variations in hardness and color. They also develop the ability to cast gold, using the lost-wax technique still used in today's jewelry industry.
The Sumer civilization of southern Iraq uses gold to creat a wide range of jewelry, often using sophisticated and varied styles still worn today.
2500 Gold jewelry is buried in the Tomb of Djer, the king of the First Egyptian Dyanisty, at Abydos, Egypt.
1500 The immense, gold-bearing regions of Nubia make Egypt a wealthy nation, as gold becomes the recognized standard medium of exchange for international trade.
The Shekel, a coin originally weighing 11.3 grams of gold, is used as a standard unit of measure throughout the Middle East. The coin contained a naturally occurring alloy called electrum, which was approximately two-thirds gold and one-third silver.
1352 The young Egyptian King Tutankhamun is interred in a pyramid tomb laden with gold, his remains laid in an extravagant gold anthropoid sarcophagus.
1350 The Babylonians begin to use fire assay to test the purity of gold.
1091 Squares of gold are legalized in China as a form of money.
560 The first coins made purely from gold are minted in Lydia, a kingdom of Asia Minor.
58 Julius Caesar seizes enough gold in Gaul (France) to repay Rome's debts.
50 The Romans issue a gold coin called the Aureus.
600-699 AD The Byzantine Empire resumes gold mining in central Europe and France, an area undeveloped since the fall of the Roman Empire. Artisans of the period produce intricate gold artifacts and icons.
1100 Venice secures its position as the world's leading gold bullion market due to its location astride the trade routes to the east.
1284 Venice introduces the gold Ducat, which soon becomes the most popular coin in the world, and remains so for more than five centuries.
Great Britain issues its first major gold coin, the Florin, which is followed by the Noble, the Angel, the Crown, and the Guinea.
1511 King Ferdinand of Spain sends explorers to the Western Hemisphere with the command to "get gold."
1717 Isaac Newton, Master of the London Mint, sets price of gold that lasts for 200 years.
1787 First US gold coin is struck by Ephraim Brasher, a goldsmith.
1792 The Coinage Act places the young United Sates on a bimetallic silver/gold standard, defining the U.S. Dollar as equivalent to 24.75 grains of fine gold, and 371.25 grains of fine silver.
1803 North Carolina site of first US gold rush. The state supplies all the domestic gold coined for currency by the US Mint in Philadelphia until 1828.
1848 The California gold rush begins when James Marshall finds specks of gold in the water at John Sutter's sawmill near the junction of the American and Sacramento Rivers.
1850 Edward Hammong Hargraves, returning from California, predicts he will find gold in Australia within one week. He discovers gold in New South Wales within one week of landing.
1859 The Comstock Lode of gold and silver is discovered in Nevada. As a result, Nevada is made a state five years later.
1886 George Harrison, while digging stones to build a house, discovers gold in South Africa.
1887 Glasgow doctors, Robert and William Forrest, and chemist John S. MacArthur patent the process for extracting gold from ore using cyanide.
1896 Two prospectors discover gold while fishing in the Klondike River in northern Canada, richer finds were rumored farther south in Alaska's Yukon, spawning the Alaska Gold Rush in 1898 -- the last gold rush of the century.
1900 US adopts the gold standard for its currency.
1903 The Engelhard Corporation introduces an organic medium to print gold on surfaces. First used for decoration, the medium becomes the foundation for microcircuit printing technology.
1922 King Tutankhamun's tomb (1352 BC) opened to reveal a 2,448 lb. gold coffin and hundreds of gold and gold-leafed objects (including the mask pictured at the beginning of this section).
1927 A Medical study in France proves gold to be valuable in treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis.
1933 President Franklin D. Roosevelt bans the export of gold, halts the convertibility of dollar bills into gold, orders US citizens to hand in all the gold they possess and establishes a daily price for gold.
1934 Roosevelt fixes price of gold at $35 per ounce.
1935 Western Electric Alloy #1 (69% gold, 25% silver and 6% platinum) finds universal use in all switching contacts for AT&T telecommunications equipment.
1944 The Bretton Woods agreement sets an international gold exchange standard and creates two new international organizations, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Band. The new standard sets par values for currencies in terms of gold and obligates member countries to convert foreign offical holdings of their currencies into gold at these par values.
1947 The first transistor, the building block for electronics, is assembled at AT&T Bell Laboratories. The device uses gold contacts pressed into a germanium surface.
1960 The laser is invented using gold-coated mirrors to maximize infrared reflection.
1961 Modern-day mining begins in Nevada's Carlin Trend, ultimately making Nevada the nation's largest gold-mining state.
1968 Intel introduces a microchip with 1,024 transistors connected by gold circuits.

On March 15, central banks give up fixed price of gold at $35 per troy ounce and let it free float.

1969 Gold coated visors protect the astronauts' eyes from searing sunlight on the moon (Apollo 11 moon landing).
1970 The charged coupled device is invented, using gold to collect electrons generated by light, eventually used in hundreds of military and civilian devices, including video cameras.
1971 The colloidal gold marker system is introduced by Amersham Corporation of Illinois. Tiny spheres of gold are used in health research laboratories worldwide to mark or tag specific proteins to reveal their function in the human body for the treatment of disease.
1973 The U.S. Dollar is removed from gold standard, and gold prices are allowed to float free. By June, the market for gold in London reaches more than $120 per ounce.
1974 On December 31, US government ends its ban on individual ownership of gold.
1976 The Gold Institute is established in Washington, D.C., to promote the common interests of the gold industry by providing statistical data and other relevant information to its members, the media, government, and the public.
1980 Gold reaches intra-day historic high price of $870 on January 21 in New York.
1986 Gold-coated compact discs are introduced.
1987 Airbags are introduced for cars, using gold contacts for reliability.
1996 The Mars Global Surveyor is launched with an on-board gold-coated parabolic telescope-mirror that will generate a detailed map of the entire Martian surface over a two-year period.
1997 Congress passes Taxpayers Relief Act, allowing US Individual Retirement Account holders to buy gold bullion coins and bars for their accounts as long as they are of a fineness equal to, or exceeding, 99.5 percent gold.
1999 The Euro, a pan-European currency, is introduced, backed by a new European Central Bank holding 15 percent of its reserves in gold.
2000 Astronomers at the Keck Observatory in Hawaii use the giant gold-coated mirrors of the observatory's twin telescopes to produce the most detailed images of Neptune and Uranus ever captured.
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Many ornaments are signed and many are unsigned.

Many ornaments are signed and many are unsigned. There are good collectors and dealers. There are just as many bad collectors and dealers too, and collectors take pride in obtaining the original pieces that they set out to collect. Although, how do you know that your Jewellery is real or fake? Many collectors have their own websites and will host a bevy of information.

These can be the difference in reality to getting a collectible piece or getting a knock off or fake. This is place where the many shady characters come into play. There are many places for a person to research this highly collectible genre. Another great place to check is the internet. Some even alert people to the many fake scams that are currently out there. With this explosion has been an increase of fake Jewellery to go along with it. This has become a very hot topic in more recent days and a collector should be aware of it.

Gemstones are identified by gemologists

Gemstones are identified by gemologists. The first characteristic a gemologist uses to identify a gemstone is its chemical composition. Gems are characterized in terms of refractive index, dispersion, specific gravity, hardness, cleavage, fracture, and luster. They may exhibit pleochroism or double refraction. Who describe gems and their characteristics using technical terminology specific to the field of gemology.

Next, many gems are crystals which are classified by their crystal system such as cubic or trigonal or monoclinic. They may have luminescence and a distinctive absorption spectrum. For example, diamonds are made of carbon (C) and rubies of aluminium oxide (Al2O3). Another term used is habit, the form the gem is usually found in. For example diamonds, which have a cubic crystal system, are often found as octahedrons.

Diamonds boast many features

Diamonds boast many features that make them stand out from other gemstones. Diamonds are now sold online at safe, reputable, and secure sites. The good news is that consumers need no longer purchase a diamond in a physical jewelry store. One of the best features is that they are naturally available in a wide range of colors, giving consumers many options when it comes to creating a customized piece of jewelry.

While individuals often pay more for a fancy gemstone, white diamonds with a slight hint of color will be less expensive than truly colorless diamonds. Clarity and weight are other important qualities when it comes to diamonds. The modern diamond comes in a wide range of prices, meaning that almost anyone can afford a diamond of some kind. Unlike the brown and yellow diamonds, blue diamonds are not as common in nature.

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